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Velocity in Pipe Formula:
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The velocity in pipe formula calculates the flow velocity of a fluid in a pipe or conduit. It is derived from the fundamental principle of continuity in fluid dynamics, where the flow rate remains constant throughout the system.
The calculator uses the velocity formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates how fast a fluid is moving through a pipe by dividing the volume of fluid passing through per second by the cross-sectional area available for flow.
Details: Calculating fluid velocity is essential for designing piping systems, determining pressure drops, ensuring proper flow characteristics, and optimizing energy efficiency in fluid transport systems.
Tips: Enter flow rate in cubic meters per second (m³/s) and cross-sectional area in square meters (m²). Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero.
Q1: What units should I use for this calculation?
A: The calculator uses SI units: flow rate in m³/s, area in m², and velocity in m/s. Convert other units to these before calculation.
Q2: How do I calculate cross-sectional area for different pipe shapes?
A: For circular pipes: A = π × (diameter/2)². For rectangular ducts: A = width × height. For other shapes, use appropriate geometric formulas.
Q3: What is a typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: Typical water velocities range from 0.5-3 m/s in most applications, with 1-2 m/s being common for efficient operation with reasonable pressure drop.
Q4: Does this formula work for compressible fluids like gases?
A: For low-pressure gases where density changes are negligible, yes. For high-pressure systems with significant density variations, more complex calculations are needed.
Q5: How does velocity relate to Reynolds number?
A: Reynolds number (Re) = (density × velocity × diameter)/viscosity. Velocity is a key factor in determining whether flow is laminar or turbulent.